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HelpTEST ID HVDIP HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibody Confirmation and Differentiation, Plasma
Reporting Name
HIV Ab Confirm / Differentiation, PSpecimen Type
PlasmaOrdering Guidance
Screening, supplemental, or confirmatory serologic tests for HIV-1 or HIV-2 antibodies cannot distinguish between active neonatal HIV infection and passive transfer of maternal HIV antibodies in children up to 2 years. Diagnosis of HIV infection in newborns and infants up to age 2 years should be made by virologic tests, such as detection of HIV-RNA (HIP12 / HIV-1/HIV-2 RNA Detection, Plasma).
This test is not suitable for follow-up testing of patients with reactive results from any rapid HIV tests, regardless of specimen type tested, with the exception of patients who were reactive by the Determine HIV-1/-2 Antigen/Antibody Combo rapid point-of-care test on serum or plasma (but not whole blood). Per the latest Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended HIV testing algorithm, the patients with reactive results from any rapid HIV tests should be tested subsequently with laboratory-based HIV antigen and antibody combination immunoassays, such as HIVDX / HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antigen and Antibody Diagnostic Evaluation, Plasma.
If specimens are autopsy or cadaver blood sources, the proper US Food and Drug Administration-licensed assay is HV1CD / HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibodies for Cadaveric or Hemolyzed Specimens, Serum.
New York State clients: This test should not be requested for maternal/newborn HIV screening on specimens originating in New York State, due to state regulatory requirements for expedited result reporting.
Necessary Information
Collection date is required.
Specimen Required
Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube, 5 mL (T914)
Collection Container/Tube: Lavender top (EDTA)
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 1 mL Plasma
Collection Instructions: Within 2 hours of collection, centrifuge and aliquot plasma into plastic vial.
Specimen Minimum Volume
Plasma: 0.8 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma | Frozen (preferred) | 30 days |
| Refrigerated | 6 days |
Special Instructions
Testing Algorithm
This test is for confirmation and differentiation of HIV-1/2 antibodies (Ab). If the following result types are obtained, HIV-1/HIV-2 RNA detection will be performed at an additional charge:
-Negative for both HIV-1 Ab and HIV-2 Ab
-Indeterminate for HIV-1 Ab but negative for HIV-2 Ab
-Negative for HIV-1 Ab but indeterminate for HIV-2 Ab
-Indeterminate for both HIV-1 Ab and HIV-2 Ab
-Positive for both HIV-1 Ab and HIV-2 Ab
If the following result types are obtained, HIV-1 RNA detection and quantification will be performed at an additional charge:
-Positive for HIV-1 Ab and negative for HIV-2 Ab
-Positive for HIV-1 Ab and indeterminate for HIV-2 Ab
For more information see HIV Testing Algorithm (Fourth Generation Screening Assay), Including Neonatal Testing and Follow-up of Reactive Rapid Serologic Test Results.
Method Name
Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay
Reject Due To
| Gross hemolysis | OK |
| Gross lipemia | OK |
| Gross icterus | OK |
Reference Values
Negative
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Reflex Tests
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIP12 | HIV-1/HIV-2 RNA Detect, P | Yes | No |
| HIVQN | HIV-1 RNA Detect/Quant, P | Yes | No |
Report Available
1 to 3 daysSpecimen Retention Time
14 daysPerforming Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
CPT Code Information
86701
86702
87535 (if appropriate)
87538 (if appropriate)
87536 (if appropriate)
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send an Infectious Disease Serology Test Request (T916) with the specimen.
Useful For
Confirmation and differentiation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in plasma specimens that show reactive results with third-(HIV-1/-2 antibody only) and 4th-generation (HIV antigen and antibody) HIV serologic assays
This test is not useful as a screening test for HIV infection in symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals.
This test is not to be used as a screening or confirmatory test for blood donor specimens.
Disease States
- HIV-2 infection
- HIV infection
Clinical Information
AIDS is caused by 2 known types of HIV. HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is found in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex and in asymptomatic infected individuals at high risk for AIDS. The virus is transmitted by sexual contact, by exposure to infected blood or blood products, or from an infected mother to her fetus or infant. HIV type 2 (HIV-2) infection is endemic only in West Africa, and it has been identified in individuals who had sexual relations with individuals from that geographic region. HIV-2 is similar to HIV-1 in viral morphology, overall genomic structure, and its ability to cause AIDS.
Antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 are usually not detectable until 6 to 12 weeks following exposure and are almost always detectable by 12 months. They may fall to undetectable levels (ie, seroreversion) in the terminal stage of AIDS when the patient's immune system is severely depressed.
Routine serologic screening of patients at risk for HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection usually begins with a HIV-1/-2 antigen and/or antibody screening test, which may be performed by various US Food and Drug Administration-approved assay methods, including rapid HIV antibody tests, enzyme immunoassays, and chemiluminescent immunoassays. In testing algorithms that begin with these methods, supplemental or confirmatory testing should be requested only for specimens that are repeatedly reactive by these methods according to assay manufacturers' instructions for use.
Cautions
A negative result for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies does not rule out acute HIV infection.
All initially positive supplemental or confirmatory HIV test results should be verified by submitting a second specimen for repeat testing. Such positive HIV test results are required under laws in many states in the US to be reported to the departments of health of the respective states where the patients reside.
Participation in the recipients of HIV-1 vaccine (eg, participants in HIV-1 vaccine study trials) may develop vaccine-specific antibodies that may cross-react with this test and yield to the vaccine giving a positive, indeterminate, or unreadable HIV-1 antibody result, while they may or may not be infected with HIV-1.
Assay performance characteristics have not been established for the following specimen characteristics:
-Heat-inactivated specimens
-Cadaveric specimens
-Presence of particulate matter
Method Description
The Geenius HIV 1/2 Supplemental Assay cassette contains antibody-binding protein A, which is conjugated to colloidal gold dye particles, and HIV-1 and HIV-2 antigens, which are bound to the membrane solid phase. The sample is applied to the sample and buffer well. After the sample and buffer have migrated onto the test strip, additional buffer is added to the buffer well. The buffer causes the specimens and reagents to flow laterally and facilitates the binding of antibodies to the antigens. In a reactive sample, the antibodies are captured by the antigens immobilized in the test area.
The protein A-colloidal gold binds to the captured antibodies, causing development of pink or purple lines. When there are no HIV antibodies, there are no pink or purple lines in the test area. The sample continues to migrate through the membrane and a pink or purple line develops in the control (C) area, which contains Protein A. This built-in procedural control provides evidence that the test was performed properly and that the sample and reagents have migrated through the cassette.(Package insert: Geenius HIV 1/2 Supplemental Assay. Bio-Rad Laboratories; 07/2019)